Florian Karsten Typefaces

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Variable Static
Weight
500
Italic
0
Leading
1.00
Tracking
0.000 %
AA Aa
Ligatures Case forms Tabular figures Oldstyle figures Slashed zero MORE
AA Aa
Size
3.20 vw
Leading
1.05
Tracking
-0.020 %
Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft to make use of an interplanetary gravitational slingshot maneuver, using Venus to bend its flight path and bring its perihelion down to the level of Mercury's orbit. This maneuver, inspired by the orbital mechanics calculations of the Italian scientist Giuseppe Colombo, put the spacecraft into an orbit that repeatedly brought it back to Mercury. Mariner 10 used the solar radiation pressure on its solar panels and its high-gain antenna as a means of attitude control during flight, the first spacecraft to use active solar pressure control. The components on Mariner 10 can be categorized into four groups based on their common function. The solar panels, power subsystem, attitude control subsystem, and the computer kept the spacecraft operating properly during the flight. The navigational system, including the hydrazine rocket, would keep Mariner 10 on track to Venus and Mercury. Several scientific instruments would collect data at the two planets. Finally, the antennas would transmit this data to the Deep Space Network back on Earth, as well as receive commands from Mission Control. Mariner 10's various components and scientific instruments were attached to a central hub, which was roughly the shape of an octagonal prism. The hub stored the spacecraft's internal electronics. The Mariner 10 spacecraft was manufactured by Boeing. NASA set a strict limit of US$98 million for Mariner 10's total cost, which marked the first time the agency subjected a mission to an inflexible budget constraint. No overruns would be tolerated, so mission planners carefully considered cost efficiency when designing the spacecraft's instruments. Cost control was primarily accomplished by executing contract work closer to the launch date than was recommended by normal mission schedules, as reducing the length of available work time increased cost efficiency. Despite the rushed schedule, very few deadlines were missed. The mission ended up about US$1 million under budget.
AA Aa
Size
1.60 vw
Leading
1.37
Tracking
0.000 %
O objetivo é alcançar resultados de qualidade através de várias missões pequenas, usando menos recursos e menos tempo. Os objetos do programa são por conseguinte variados, explorando os planetas, suas luas e pequenos corpos como cometas e asteroides. Cada experimento individual é coordenado por um investigador principal, que desenvolve os objetivos científicos e os instrumentos necessários. O IP é responsável por assegurar que o custo, cronograma e os objetivos de desempenho sejam cumpridos. O programa procura manter um alto desempenho a baixo custo, no máximo 425 milhões de dólares. Nisto deve ser incluído o custo de toda a missão: concepção, desenvolvimento, veículos de lançamento, instrumentos e aparelhos espaciais, lançamento, operações de missão, análise de dados, educação e divulgação pública. O tempo de desenvolvimento da missão do começo ao lançamento pode ser no máximo 36 meses, lançando-se em tese uma missão a cada 12 a 24 meses. Discovery já lançou várias sondas, entre elas a NEAR Shoemaker, a Lunar Prospector, o Mars Pathfinder, a Deep Impact, a Stardust (sonda espacial) e a Genesis (sonda espacial). Ainda estão em andamento as missões Messenger, Dawn e Kepler. O Mars Pathfinder, mais tarde rebatizado como Carl Sagan Memorial Station, foi lançado no dia 4 de dezembro de 1996, apenas um mês após o lançamento do Mars Global Surveyor. A bordo do lander (aterrissador) seguia um pequeno rover (veículo explorador) chamado Sojourner, que executou muitas experiências na superfície marciana. Foi o segundo projeto do Programa Discovery. Esta missão foi a mais importante desde o programa Viking, e também a primeira missão bem-sucedida a enviar um rover a outro planeta. Para além dos objetivos científicos, a missão Mars Pathfinder foi também um teste para várias novas tecnologias, tais como o airbag para pouso e o contorno automatizado de obstáculos, ambos mais tarde aproveitados pelo Mars Exploration Rover.
AA Aa
Size
7.75 vw
Leading
1.05
Tracking
-0.035 %
En effet, Voyager 2 devait tourner sur elle-même à 360° afin de prendre diverses mesures.
AA Aa
Size
1.90 vw
Leading
1.35
Tracking
-0.005 %
Die Columbia, der erste raumflugfähige Orbiter, wurde im März 1979 an die NASA ausgeliefert. Anschließend wurde die Raumfähre ins Kennedy Space Center überführt, um dort auf ihre erste Mission vorbereitet zu werden. Im November 1980 wurde die Columbia mit dem Außentank verbunden und einen Monat später zur Startrampe gefahren. Nach mehreren Startverschiebungen fand am 12. April 1981 der Start des ersten wiederverwendbaren Raumfahrzeuges der Welt statt. Ziel des ersten Fluges war es lediglich, die Columbia sicher in die Umlaufbahn und wieder zurück zu bringen. Der Flug dauerte insgesamt etwas über zwei Tage und endete mit einer Landung auf der Edwards Air Force Base in Kalifornien. Der Erstflug gilt bis heute als technische Meisterleistung, denn es war das erste Mal in der Geschichte der Raumfahrt, dass ein Trägersystem bei seinem Jungfernflug bemannt war. Die folgenden drei Flüge, die alle mit der Raumfähre Columbia durchgeführt wurden, dienten der Erprobung aller Systeme des Shuttle. Danach wurde das System als einsatzfähig erklärt. In den darauf folgenden 21 Missionen, die bis Januar 1986 durchgeführt wurden, stand der Satellitentransport im Vordergrund. Außerdem fanden einige rein wissenschaftliche Flüge statt, bevor es zum Challenger-Unglück kam. Am 28. Januar 1986 hob die Raumfähre Challenger bei einer ungewöhnlich niedrigen Außentemperatur von 2 °C zur Mission STS-51-L ab. Die NASA hatte sich für den Start entschieden, obwohl Ingenieure des Booster-Herstellers Morton Thiokol, vor allem Roger Boisjoly, vor einem Start bei Temperaturen unter 12 °C eindringlich gewarnt hatten. Das Management von Thiokol überstimmte jedoch schließlich seine Ingenieure und gab seinem wichtigsten Kunden NASA offiziell die Startfreigabe. Wenige Sekunden nach dem Start versagte tatsächlich ein Dichtungs-O-Ring der rechten Feststoffrakete, und durch das entstandene Leck trat heißes Verbrennungsgas an einer Seite des Boosters aus. Die Flamme traf auf den Außentank und die Befestigung der Feststoffrakete, wodurch die Tankhülle zerstört wurde. Der Tank explodierte 73 Sekunden nach dem Start in 15 Kilometern Höhe, worauf das Shuttle durch die enormen aerodynamischen Kräfte zerstört wurde. Die sieben Astronauten überlebten das wahrscheinlich, starben aber spätestens beim Aufschlagen der Cockpitsektion auf die Wasseroberfläche des Atlantiks.
AA Aa
Size
2.15 vw
Leading
1.22
Tracking
-0.010 %
After separation from the launch vehicle, overall control was taken by Mission Operations Center at the Applied Physics Laboratory in Howard County, Maryland. The science instruments are operated at Clyde Tombaugh Science Operations Center in Boulder, Colorado. Navigation is performed at various contractor facilities, whereas the navigational positional data and related celestial reference frames are provided by the Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station through Headquarters NASA and JPL; KinetX is the lead on the New Horizons navigation team and is responsible for planning trajectory adjustments as the spacecraft speeds toward the outer Solar System. Coincidentally the Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station was where the photographic plates were taken for the discovery of Pluto's moon Charon; and the Naval Observatory is itself not far from the Lowell Observatory where Pluto was discovered. New Horizons was originally planned as a voyage to the only unexplored planet in the Solar System. When the spacecraft was launched, Pluto was still classified as a planet, later to be reclassified as a dwarf planet by the International Astronomical Union. Some members of the New Horizons team, including Alan Stern, disagree with the IAU definition and still describe Pluto as the ninth planet. Pluto's satellites Nix and Hydra also have a connection with the spacecraft: the first letters of their names are the initials of New Horizons. The moons' discoverers chose these names for this reason, plus Nix and Hydra's relationship to the mythological Pluto. In addition to the science equipment, there are several cultural artifacts traveling with the spacecraft. These include a collection of 434,738 names stored on a compact disc, a piece of Scaled Composites's SpaceShipOne, a "Not Yet Explored" USPS stamp, and a Flag of the United States, along with other mementos. About 30 grams (1 oz) of Clyde Tombaugh's ashes are aboard the spacecraft, to commemorate his discovery of Pluto in 1930. A Florida-state quarter coin, whose design commemorates human exploration, is included, officially as a trim weight. One of the science packages (a dust counter) is named after Venetia Burney, who, as a child, suggested the name "Pluto" after its discovery.
AA Aa
Size
2.95 vw
Leading
1.20
Tracking
-0.020 %
Yaklaşık 1969'da Pioneer ve onun kardeşi Pioneer 11 isimlerini yaşatmak için dizayn edildiler; kaşifler ilk defa ikisinden de bilgi toplama ve astroit kuşağındaki ve Jupiter'deki koşulların raporunu elde etmeyi tasarlıyordu. Pioneer 10, TRW yöntemiyle dizayn edildi. Hafifti, sadece 260 kg 30 ve 27 kg aletleri ve yakıtı sırasıyla. Voyager'lar benzeri olup radyo izotop termoelektrik jeneratörleri ile güçlendirilmiştir. Plütonyum-238 ihtiva eder, fırlatılışta 155W sağlar. RTG iyi bir şekilde vücudunun dışına monte edilmiş olup radyasyonun uzay aracı aletlerini karıştırmasını önler. Pioneer, 10 Aralık 1973'te Jüpiter ile karşılaşan ilk uzay aracı oldu. Uzay aracı daha sonra kayda değer bilimsel araştırmalar yaptı. Güneş Sistemi'nin dış bölgesinde 31 Mart 1997'de görevi bitene kadar. Kardeşi Pioneer 10 ve Pioneer 11 uzay sondaları üzerlerinde insanlığın mesajını içeren bir tabla taşımaktadır. Her iki sondadaki Jüpiter uçuşunu tasvir eden tablalar birbirinin aynıdır ancak Pioneer 11'in Satürn'e doğru yaptığı dönüş sonradan planlandığı için üzerindeki tablayı geçersiz kılmıştır. Eğer sonda sonsuz yolculuğu boyunca dünya dışı zeki varlıklarla karşılaşırsa aracın üzerindeki levha insanlık hakkında bilgi sağlamış olacak. Tabla, bir adam ve kadın tasvirinin yanı sıra Hidrojen atomunun bağ yapısını ve güneş ile dünyaya en yakın Pulsar yıldızlarını da baz alarak çizilen Güneş sistemi'nin galaksimizdeki koordinatı gösteren bir çizim içeriyor.

FK Grotesk Neue is a down-to-earth sans-serif typeface inspired by swiss typography titans Helvetica and Univers.

Despite clear references to the iconic shapes of the flowing lowercase “a” or the uppercase “R”, FK Grotesk Neue represents a contemporary, more mechanic and rigid approach to the neo-grotesque genre. Lower contrast, rather geometric outlines and wider proportions (courtesy of FK Grotesk) make the typeface a unique addition to the large group of common-looking utilitarian typefaces.

FK Grotesk Neue fully utilises OpenType features, including several stylistic alternates, thin punctuation set and wide range of numerals variants. FK Grotesk Neue supports Latin Extended-A character set (i.e. Western European, Central European and Southeastern European languages) as well as Vietnamese language. For complete specs see typeface specimen.

FK Grotesk Neue Specimen
PDF (190 KB)
  • Designer

    Květoslav Bartoš

  • Publisher

    Florian Karsten Typefaces

  • Release date

    May 2020

  • Version

    1.1.7 (January 2022)

  • Formats

    Static (OTF, TTF, WOFF, WOFF2), Variable (TTF, WOFF, WOFF2)

  • Glyphs

    732

  • OpenType features

    Standard Ligatures, Case Sensitive Forms, Fractions, Numerators, Denominators, Scientific Inferiors, Superscript, Subscript, Oldstyle Figures, Lining Figures, Proportional Figures, Tabular Figures, Slashed Zero, Stylistic Sets (SS01–SS05)

  • Language support

    Afrikaans, Albanian, Asturian, Azerbaijani, Basque, Bemba, Bosnian, Breton, Catalan, Cornish, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Esperanto, Estonian, Faroese, Fijian, Filipino, Finnish, French, Frisian, Friulian, Galician, Ganda, German, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Kinyarwanda, Klingon, Latvian, Lithuanian, Luxembourgish, Makhuwa, Maltese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Romansh, Sango, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian, Shona, Slovak, Slovenian, Somali, Spanish, Swahili, Swedish, Swiss German, Turkish, Uzbek, Vietnamese, Welsh, Zarma, Zulu

  • Licensing

    A basic license purchased via this website combines desktop and web license and covers installation on a given number of workstations within one organisation and allows you to self-host webfont files for a single domain with no time limitation for a given number of unique visitors per month. For more information about other licensing options, please check FAQ or get in touch.

Buy FK Grotesk Neue

Basic desktop + web license (up to 3 CPU, single domain up to 10k visitors/month)
For more information about other licensing options please check FAQ or get in touch.

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